Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer is a specific subtype of breast cancer that is negative clinically for the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) or HER2 protein. Its clinical characteristics are being more aggressive, less responsive to the standardized treatment, distinct pattern of metastasis, a unique molecular profile, poor patient prognosis and lack of targeted therapies. This type of breast cancer is most common in women with BRCA1 mutations, younger women of mostly African-American decent as well as Hispanic ethnic groups. This triple-negative breast cancer is itself a sub-group of Basal Type of breast cancer. It is an area of great concern for research now days. Although this type of cancer is sensitive to thermotherapy, a brain metastasis and predilection for visceral metastasis is seen and early relapse is also common.

Although not synonymous, the majority of triple-negative breast cancers carry the “basal-like” molecular profile on gene expression arrays. The majority of BRCA1-associated breast cancers are triple-negative and basal-like; the extent to which the BRCA1 pathway contributes to the behavior of sporadic basal-like breast cancers is an area of active research. Currently the targeting agents like, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are in clinical trials and are very important in the treatment of this fatal disease.

The findings of new and better treatment options for the Triple negative breast cancer, the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Foundation along with Susan G. Komen for the Cure have convened the Triple Negative Breast Cancer Symposium in December 2007. The symposium gathered over 30 well known doctors, scientists and researcher from all over the world for thinking, planning and exploring the promising research that will ultimately explore the advancement in treatment of triple negative breast cancer.

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